Flora

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Flora (pl.: floras or florae) is an ecological term describing all assemblages of plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is fauna; and for fungi, it is funga. When describing ecosystems (particularly aquatic ecosystems), the term often more broadly include other non-plant organisms that are also photosynthetic autotrophs, such as phytoplanktons (which include cyanobacteria and microalgae), macroalgae and lichens (which are symbionts of fungi with green algae or cyanobacteria). The term flora is also used in microbiology and infectious disease medicine to describe the collective communities of commensal/beneficial and parasitic microbes that live on or inside the body of another organism (especially an animal, e.g. a human), which include bacteria (e.g. enteric bacteria and most probiotics), archaea (e.g. methanogens), fungi (e.g. human ear mycobiota), protists (e.g. rumen ciliates and termite parabasalids) and viruses (e.g. the human virome). Examples of such expressions include gut flora, respiratory flora and skin flora (see list of human microbiota).