Huis

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The Hui people are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces and in the Zhongyuan region. According to the 2020 census, China is home to approximately 11.3 million Hui people. Outside China, the 170,000 Dungan people of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the Panthays in Myanmar and many of the Chin Haws in Thailand are also considered part of the Hui ethnicity. The Hui were referred to as Hanhui to be distinguished from the Turkic Muslims, which were referred to as Chanhui. The Republic of China (1912–1949) government also recognised the Hui as a branch of the Han Chinese rather than a separate ethnic group. In the National Assembly of the Republic of China, the Hui were referred to as Nationals in China proper with special convention. The Hui were referred to as Muslim Han people by Bai Chongxi, the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China at the time and the founder of the Chinese Muslim Association. Some scholars refer to this group as Han Chinese Muslims, Han Muslims, Chinese Muslims or Sino-Muslims. While others call them Chinese-speaking Muslims or Sinophone Muslims. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, although the Hui didn't meet the Stalinist criteria for recognition of an ethnicity, the Hui was still recognised as a separate ethnicity from Han Chinese in 1954. The government defines the Hui people as all Muslim populations not included in China's other ethnic groups; they are therefore distinct from other Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs. The Hui predominantly speak Chinese, while using some Arabic and Persian phrases. The Hui ethnic group is unique among Chinese ethnic minorities in that it is not associated with a non-Sinitic language. The Hui have a distinct connection with Islamic culture.