Introvert

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۲۰۹ انتشار • فعال از ۲۰۰۳

Extraversion and introversion are a central trait dimension in human personality theory. The terms were introduced into psychology by Carl Jung, though both the popular understanding and current psychological usage are not the same as Jung's original concept. Extraversion (also spelled extroversion) is typically associated with sociability, talkativeness, and high energy, while introversion is linked to introspection, reserve, and a preference for solitary activities. Jung defined introversion as an "attitude-type characterised by orientation in life through subjective psychic contents", and extraversion as "an attitude-type characterised by concentration of interest on the external object". In psychology, these are viewed as personality traits that can be measured in degrees, rather than placing people into fixed categories. While often presented as opposite ends of a single continuum, personality theorists such as Carl Jung have said that most individuals possess elements of both traits, with one being more dominant depending on the situation. Most modern models of personality include these concepts in various forms. Examples include the Big Five model, Jung's analytical psychology, Hans Eysenck's three-factor model, Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.